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Dr. Hunsucker
surveyed from Highway 160 west about 2.5 miles to the apple orchard and where
the ridge road drops down hill. The survey extended along much of the ridge and
down hill for as much as 500 ft. and farther in a few hollows. Most plants were
not in flower, but the few sedges in the dense woods were in good condition.
The soil appeared to be rich and moist, and it supported a lush growth of
herbaceous plants. There were goldenrods and an abundance of orchids yet to
flower.
Liverworts
More Bryophytes (liverworts
indicated by symbol Li) 7-7-06 and 7-8-06
Atrichum undulatum-on moist fertile soil over
sandstone rock, cliffs and in shaded or partly open mesic forest
Black Mountain
Harlan County,
Kentucky
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Setting
At 4145
feet (1264 m), the summit of Black Mountain is the highest point in Kentucky
and in the Cumberland Mountains. As part of a general study of the area Braun (1940;1950) introduced us to the virgin primary forests of the Mountain.
Bedrock is generally almost flat lying, Pennsylvanian in age, and contains coal
beds. Erosion resistant sandstone is abundant as well, and the relatively high
elevation of the Mountain is a consequence. Much of the Mountain has been
degraded by coal mining and associated road building and other activities. One
result is the occurrence, particularly on the north slope, of many small
man-made wetlands and ponded water, with characteristic floras.
Source walks: 6-14-06 and 6-15-06
Vascular Plants
Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum) - the dominant canopy
tree
Red Maple (Acer rubrum) -infrequent where Sugar
Maple is dominant, but increasing in dryer areas
American Basswood (Tilia americana var americana) -an occasional to frequent canopy tree
American Beech (Fagus grandifolia) -a dominant tree
in places
Black Cherry (Prunus serotina) -a dominant tree
Northern Red Oak (Quercus rubra) -a dominant tree
Cucumbertree (Magnolia acuminata) -a scattered
dominant tree
Black Gum (Nyssa sylvatica) -a frequent to
occasional canopy tree
Tuliptree (Liriodendron tulipifera )-occasional to
frequent canopy tree
Yellow Birch (Betula alleghaniensis) -an infrequent
to occasional canopy tree
White Ash (Fraxinus americana) -sapling to
occasional canopy tree
Canada Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis )-a single small
tree at the forest edge
White Pine (Pinus strobus) -small trees in opening
on the ridge
Fraser Magnolia (Magnolia fraseri) -frequent to
occasional subcanopy tree
American Chestnut (Castanea dentata) -infrequent in
forest (as sprouts?)
Catalpa (Catalpa sp) -likely planted
Yellow Buckeye (Aesculus octandra) - common
Sourwood (Oxydendrum
arboreum )-frequent to occasional
Downy Serviceberry (Amelanchier arborea )-frequent
Smooth Serviceberry (Amelanchier laevis )-occasional
subcanopy tree or shrub
Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) -occasional in
forest, forming copses in fields etc.
Black Willow ( Salix nigra) -a single small sapling
in open area
Choke Cherry (Prunus virginiana) -infrequent on
upper wooded slope
Fan-leaf Hawthorn (Crataegus flabellata) -occasional
in forest or borders
Large-seeded Hawthorn (Crataegus macrosperma) -occasional
Scarlet Hawthorn (Crataegus coccinea) -infrequent at
forest border
Cockspur Hawthorn (Crataegus crus-galli) -infrequent
Mountain Maple ( Acer spicatum )-occasional
Witch Hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) -a dominant shrub
Alternate-leaf Dogwood (Cornus alternifolia) -frequent or occasional in forest or borders (in flower)
Black Elderberry (Sambucus canadensis )-frequent in
open areas
Red Elderberry ( Sambucus pubera) -occasional
Silky Willow (Salix sericea )-infrequent
Upland Willow (Salix humilis )-one shrub in moist
open area
Mountain Laurel (Kalmia latifolia) -frequent in open
or forested dry areas (in flower)
Flame Azalea (Rhododendron calendulaceum) -infrequent in forest and borders (in flower)
Upland Low blueberry (Vaccinium pallidum) -in dry
woods and openings
High-bush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum )-common
in various forest areas
Wild Hydrangea ( Hydrangea arborescens) -frequent
along roads and in openings
Allegheny Blackberry (Rubus allegheniensis) -common
in open areas
Buffalonut (Pyrularia pubera) -common in undergrowth
Poison Ivy (Rhus radicans) -frequent to common
Summer Grape (Vitis aestivalis) -frequent in and out
of the forest, but mostly in borders
Virgin's Bower (Clematis virginiana )-frequent in
open sunny places
Common Greenbrier (Smilax rotundifolia) -frequent
along roads and in borders
Common Horsetail (Equisetum arvense) -locally common in
moist or wet soil
Ground Pine (Lycopodium flabelleforme) infrequent
locally in the forest
Tree Clubmoss ( Lycopodium obscurum )-frequent
locally in forest
Southern Ladyfern (Athyrium filix-femina) -infrequent in forest
Silvery Athyrium ( Athyrium thelypterioides) -infrequent in the forest
Christmas Fern ( Polystichum acrostichoides) -frequent in forest
Intermediate Shield Fern ( Dryopteris intermedia) -frequent in the forest
Rock Fern (Polypodium virginianum) -infrequent in
the forest on rock
Rattlesnake Fern ( Botrychium virginianum) -occasional in rich woods
Hay-scented Fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula) -infrequent in open forest
New York Fern ( Thelypteris noveboracensis) -common
in and out of the forest
Cinnamon Fern (Osmunda cinnamomea) -nfrequent in
moist to wet woods
Carex laxiflora-frequent in and out of forest
Carex appalachica-occasional
Carex blanda-infrequent in moist field
Carex cephalophora-infrequent in disturbed woods
Carex communis-moist woods and rock ledges
Carex debilis-frequent in forest and in openings
Carex digitalis-infrequent in open woods
Carex swanii-occasional in open areas
Carex lurida-occasional or locally several in wet
soil
Carex nemoralis-infrequent in open moist meadow
Carex pensylvanica-infrequent in open rockywoods
Carex platyphylla-infrequent in rich woods
Carex virescens-infrequent in open dry field
Carex vulpinoidea-occasional or locally several in
wet soil
Carex buckleyi-infrequent in wet open areas
Carex stipata-occasional in wet open areas
Carex aestivalis-infrequent in rich forest
Carex sp=infrequent in wet open areas
Cyperinus strigosus-infrequent in moist soil
Scirpus atrovirens-locally severally plants in wet
soil
Blue-eyed Grass (Sisyrinchium angustifolium) -infrequent in fields and meadows (in flower)
Canada Bluegrass (Poa compressa) -frequent in
disturbed areas
Autumn Bluegrass (Poa atumnalis) -occasional in
forest
Annual Bluegrass ( Poa annua )-occasional in ruderal
areas
Fowl Bluegrass (Poa palustris) -common in open, wet
to moist ditches, meadows and roadsides
a bluegrass (Poa sp)
Fowl Mannagrass (Glyceria striata )-frequent in open
wet soil
Variable Panic Grass (Panicum commutatum) -frequent
in woods and fields
Deer-tongue Grass ( Panicum clandestinum) -occasional
in wet open areas
White Hair Witchgrass (Panicum villisissimum) -occasional
in open dry areas
White Grass (Leersia virginica )-in moist wet
openings
Autumn Bentgrass (Agrostis perennans )-occasional in
woods and openings
Nodding Fescue (Festuca obtusa) -frequent in woods
Prairie Wedgegrass ( Sphenopholis obtusata) -uncommon
in open, dryish soil
Wirestem Muhly (Muhlenbergia frondosa) -frequent in
roadsides
Mountain Oatgrass (Danthonia compressa )-common
Wake Robin (Trillium erectum) -frequent in moist
forest
Large-flowered Trillium (Trillium grandiflorum )-frequent
in moist forest
Painted Trillium ( Trillium undulatum) -infrequent in
moist forest
Plume Lily (Smilacina racemosa) -frequent in forest
Twisted Stalk (Streptopus amplexifolius) -about 12
plants comprising a small local population (a very rare plant in the Central
Appalachians)
White Clintonia (Clintonia umbellulata) -frequent
locally to uncommon in forest
Mealy Bellwort (Uvularia perfo;iata )-occasional in
rich forest
Sessile-leaved Bellwort ( Uvularia sessilifolia) -occasional in rich forest
Indian Cucumberroot (Medeola virginiana) -frequent
in moist forest
Common Manyknees (Polygonatum biflorum) -frequent in
moist forest
an unidentified lily (Lilium sp) -
Hairy Disporum (Disporum lanuginosum) -occasional in
forest
Carrion Flower (Smilax herbacea) -frequent in forest
Bunch Flower (Veratrum parviflorum) -infrequent in
forest
Juncus tenuous- common along trails and in wet open
depressions
Juncus effusus-frequent in wet open areas
Juncus acuminatus-occasional in moist to wet fields
Bulbus Woodrush (Luzula bulbosa) -uncommon in open
woods
a woodrush (Luzula echinata )-infrequent in open
woods
Four-leaved Yam (Dioscorea quaternata )-frequent in
forest
Canada Violet (Viola canadensis) -occasional to
frequent in forest
Round-leaf Violet (Viola rotundifolia) -common in
forest
Blue Wood Violet (Viola sororia )-frequent in moist
to wet soil
Halberd-leaved Violet (Viola hastata) -frequent in
forest
Sweet White Violet (Viola blanda) -common in forest
Wild Geranium (Geranium maculatum )-common in forest
and in borders (some still in flower)
Sweet-scented Bedstraw (Galium triflorum) -frequent
in forest
Purple Bedstraw (Galium latifolium )-infrequent in forest
(in flower)
Cleavers (Galium aparine )-occasional to locally
abundant in open forest and borders
Hooked Crowfoot (Ranunculus recurvatus) -occasional
Hispid Buttercup ( Ranunculus hispidus var
hispidus) -frequent in open moist soil
Wood Anemone (Anemone quinqefolia)
Thimbleweed (Anemone virginiana) -occasional in
woods borders and in fields
Earl Meadowrue (Thalictrum dioicum) -locally several
plants to infrequent
Tall Meadowrue (Thalictrum pubescens) -frequent in
and out of woods in moist rich soil
Black Cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) -frequent to
infrequent on road banks and in forest
Blue Cohosh ( Caulophyllum thalictroides )-occasional
in moist forest
May Apple (Podophyllum peltatum) -common in rich
forest
Wood Nettle (Laportea canadensis) -locally abundant
in the forest
Basil Balm (Monarda clinopodia )-frequent in moist
woods and open areas
Oswego Tea (Monarda didyma )-occasional in moist
areas
Horsebalm (Collinsonia canadensis )-frequent in forest,
borders and openings
Hairy Sweet Cicely (Osmorhiza claytoni) -frequent in
and out of forest
Smooth Sweet Cicely (Osmorhiza longistylis )-infrequent
in and out of forest
Goat's Beard (Aruncus dioicus) -frequent on road
banks
Large Summer Bluet (Houstonia purpurea )-occasional
in open woods
Canada Bluet (Houstonia canadensis) -occasional in
open areas
Creeping Five-leaf ( Potentilla simplex) -abundant in
open areas
Woodland Strawberry ( Fragaria vesca var vesca) -common in open areas such as roadsides and fields (European)
Virginia Strawberry (Fragaria virginiana) -common in
open areas
Dutchman's Pipe (Aristolochia macrophylla) -occasional and more frequent at lower elevations
Purple-leaved Willowherb (Epilobium coloratum) -infrequent in mud and wet soil
Whorled loosestrife (Lysimachia quadrifolia) -frequent in open areas
Hairy-jointed Meadowparsnip (Thaspium barbinode) -in
open sunny areas
Woodland Meadowparsnip ( Thaspium trifoliatum) -infrequent in open sunny areas and borders
Black Snakeroot (Sanicula canadensis) -occasional in
rich mesic forest
Honewort (Cryptotaenia canadensis) -occasional in
moist soil
Filmy Angelica (Angelica triquinata) -frequent to
common in forest and on road banks
Hog Peanut (Amphicarpa bracteata )-frequent in open
or shaded places
Wood Betony (Pedicularis canadensis) -frequent to
locally several in open areas
Poke ( Phytolacca americana) -occasional on roadsides
and in openings
Hedge Bindweed ( Calystegia sepium) -frequent along
roads and in thickets
Upright Yellow Wood Sorrel ( Oxalis stricta) -occasional to frequent in fields and meadows
White Wood Sorrel (Oxalis montana) -occasional in
forest
Beech Drops (Epifagus virginiana) -under Beech
Foam Flower (Tiarella cordifolia) -occasional in
moist forest
Virginia Waterleaf (Hydrophyllum virginianum) -frequent locally in moist forest and openings
Tasslerue (Trautvetteria caroliniensis) -thousands
of plants in large populations in moist forest on flat ridge
Dotted St. Johnswort (Hypericum punctatum) -infrequent in openings
Squaw Root (Conopholis americana )-infrequent on oak
roots
Great Chickweed ( Stellaria pubera) -common in forest
Starry Campion (Silene stellata )-occasional aong
roads and in openings
Riddell's Hedge Nettle (Stachys cordata) -infrequent
in open moist ground
White Vervain (Verbena urticifolia) -infrequent in
open upland
Turtlehead (Chelone glabra) -occasional in open wet,
shaded soil
Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) -common in
ruderal areas
Poke Milkweed (Asclepias exaltata) -occasional in
roadsides and open
Common Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis)
frequent in fields and ruderal areas
Native Self-heal (Prunella vulgaris var
lanceolata )-frequent in open areas
Panicled-leaf Ticktrefoil (Desmodium paniculatum) -frequent in fields and along roads
an unid. ticktrefoil (Desmodium sp)
Philadelphia Fleabane (Erigeron philadelphicus) -frequent in open areas
Daisy Fleabane (Erigeron annuus )-frequent in open
areas
Whitetop ( Erigeron strigosus) -frequent in open
areas
Crooked-stem Aster (Aster prenanthoides) -common in
open moist to wet areas
Blue Wood Aster (Aster cordifolius )-common in open
woods an fields
White Wood Aster (Aster divaricatus) -frequent in
woods
Calico Aster (Aster lateriflorus) -frequent in open
areas
White Heath Aster (Aster pilosus) -frequent in
disturbed areas
Lance-leaved Aster (Aster lanceolatus var simplex) -occasional or locally abundant in wet soil
Flattop White Aster (Aster umbellatus) -infrequent
in open moist fields
Arrow-leaved Aster (Aster sagittifolius )-frequent
in openings and edges of woods
Canada Goldenrod (Solidago canadensis) -common in
open moist areas
Curtis Goldenrod ( Solidago curtisii )-frequent in
forest
Cut-leaved Goldenrod ( Solidago arguta var caroliniana) -frequent on road banks
Broad-leaf Goldenrod (Solidago flexicaulis) -locally
several to infrequent in moist open woods
Wrinkled-leaf Goldenrod ( Solidago rugosa) -frequent
in open areas
Late Goldenrod (Solidago gigantea) -occasional in
wet soil
Common Joe-pye (Uupatorium fistulosum) -frequent in
open wet areas
White Snakeroot (Eupatorium rugosum) -common i and
out of woods
Sweet Joe-pye (Eupatorium purpureum )-occasional in
open moist areas
Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta) -occasional in
fields
Tall Coneflower ( Rudbeckia laciniata) -infrequent in
open moist soil
an unid. rattlesnakeroot (Prenanthes sp)
Wild Lettuce ( Lactuca canadensis )-occasional in
openings
Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia )-occasional in
ruderal areas
Great Ragweed ( Ambrosia trifida) -common in ruderal
areas
Pale Indian Plantain (Cacalia atriplicifolia )-occasional
along roads and in woods openings
Thin-leaved Sunflower (Helianthus decapetalus) -infrequent in open and partially shaded areas
a ragwort (Senecio anonymous )-occasional in fields
Golden Ragwort (Senecio aureas) -frequent in moist
and wet soil
Bryophytes
Mosses
Amblystegium varium-on rotting hardwood boles; on
soil in upland dryish areas
Anomodon attenuatus-on bases of hardwoods in mesic
forest; on soil over sandstone boulders
Anomodon minor-on bark at base of Sugar Maple
Anomodon rostratus-on soil over sandstone boulders;
at base of Yellow Birch
Atrichum angustatum-on dryish roadside bank
Atrichum undulatum-on humus in mesic forest
Aulocomnium heterostichum-on moist soil of
overhanging bank in mesic forest
Bartramia pomiformis-on moist soil of overhanging
banks in mesic forest
Brachythecium acuminatum-on the bases of Northern Red
Oak and Sugar Maple
Brachythecium oxycladon-on bank of ridge road in full
sun
Brachythecium rutabulum-on wet soil in mesic forest
Brachythecium sp-on soil over sandstone boulders and
ledges in mesic forest
Brotherella recurvans-on bases of various hardwoods
Brotherella tenuirostris-on bases of various
hardwoods
Bryhnia novae-angliae-on moist sandstone rock in
drainage of upper hollow
Bryoandersonia illecebra-on base of Northern Red Oak
Bryum capillare-on roadside bank
Campyllium chrysophyllum-on moist, rotting hardwood
bole
Ceratodon purpureus-on dry soil of open ridge crest
Climacium americanum-on wet humus in drainage of
upper cove
Dicranella heteromalla-on soil along forest road of
ridge crest
Dicranella rufescens-on moist roadside bank
Dicranum flagellare-on rotting Sugar Maple bole
Dicranum montanum-on bark at bases of hardwoods
Dicranum scoparium-on rotting hardwoods and humic
soil
Dicranum viride-on bark of Northern Red Oak in mesic
forest
Diphysium foliosum-on road bank
Entodon compressus-on rotting hardwood bole in mesic
forestS
Entodon seductrix-on rotting upright Yellow Birch
Entodon sp-on exposed roots of Sugar Maple
Eurhynchium hians-on moist soil of mesic forest
Eurhynchium pulchellum-on rotting hardwoods and humic
soil in mesic forest
Fissidens-bushii-on soil in open mesic forest
Fissidens cristatus-on moist sandstone boulder in
mesic forest
Fissidens osmundioides-in crevices of moist sandstone
boulder in mesic forest
Fissidens subbasilaris-on base of a Beech
Forsstroemia trichomitria-on bases of hardwoods in
mesic forest
Grimmia laevigata-on soil over sandstone
Grimmia pilifera-on soil over sandstone
Haplocladium virginianum-on soil in dryish open
upland forest
Haplohymenium triste-on bark of Sugar Maple and
Cucumbertree and on trunk (shoulder height) of Northern Red Oak
Hedwigia ciliata-on soil over sandstone boulders in
open forest on ridge crest
Herzogiella striatula-on moist humus in mesic forest
Homomallium adnatum-on moist soil over sandstone
boulder in mesic forest
Hylocomium brevirostre-on rotting hardwood bole and
on soil over sandstone boulders and ledges in mesic forest
Hypnum curvifolium-on bark at bases of hardwoods and
on soil over sandstone boulders and ledges
in mesic forest
Hypnum imponens-on humic soil and on rotting boles in
mesic forest
Hypnum pallescens-on bark at bases of Sugar Maple,
Beech and Northern Red oak
Isopterygiopsis muelleriana-on moist sandstone rock
at forest edge
Isopterygium elegans-on moist humic soil in mesic
forest
Leucobryum albidum-on moist rotting stump in mesic
forest
Leucobryum glaucum-on humic soil in mesic forest
Leucodon julaceus-on bark of Sugar Maple, on trunk (shoulder height) of Northern Red Oak and on dead hardwood bole in mesic forest
Mnium affine-on moist stump and tree bases
Mnium cuspidatum-on moist rotting hardwood boles and
stumps
Mnium stellare-at bases of hardwoods
Myurella sibiica-on moist sandstone boulders in mesic
forest
Orthotrichum ohioense-on bark of Sugar Maple and
Beech
Orthotrichum pumilum-on bark of Northern Red oak
Plagiothecium cavifolium-on humic soil and on soil
over sandstone boulders and ledges in mesic forest
Plagiothecium laetum-on rotting hardwood boles in
mesic forest
Platygyrium repens-on rotting harwood boles and base
of Sugar Maple
Pogonatum pensilvanicum-on roadside bank on crest of
Mountain
Pohlia sp-in moist crevices of sandstone
Polytrichum commune-on moist soil over sandstone and
borders of seasonally wet areas
Polytrichum juniperinum-on soil over sandstone in
full sun
Polytrichum ohioense-on soil over sandstone boulder
Pylaisiella polyantha-on bark of Northern Red Oak and
on bases of Sugar Maple and and Cucumbertree
Pylaisiella selwynii-on bark of hardwoods
Rhabdoweissia crispata-in crevices on sandstone
boulders in mesic forest
Rhodobryum roseum-on soil over sandstone rock and on
base of hardwood snag
Rhynchostegium serrulatum-on bark at bases of
Cucumbertree and Sugar Maple
Schwetschkeopsis fabronia-on bark of Sugar Maple and
Beech and on trunk (shoulder height) of Northern red Oak
Sematophyllum marylandicum-on moist face of sandstone
boulder in mesic forest
Thelia hirtella-on bark on base of Northern Red Oak
Thuidium delicatulum-on soil over boulders, base of
trees and on rotting hardwoods
Tortella humilis-on bark at bases of hardwoods
Ulota crispa-on bases of Sugar Maple, Northern Red
Oak and Cucumbertree
Ulota hutchinsiae-on soil over sandstone boulders in
open forest on ridge crest
Weissia controversa-on dry soil on open ridge crest
Bazzania denudata-on soil and mosses over moist
sandstone in mesic forest
Blepharostoma trichophyllum-on soil and mosses over
moist sandstone in mesic forest
Calypogea fissa-on soil and mosses over moist
sandstone in mesic forest
Calypogea muelleriana-on moist soil in mesic forest
Cephalozia lunulifolia-on decorticated hardwood bole
Chiloscyphus profundus -on rotting Sugar Maple bole
Cololejeunea biddlecomiae-on bark of Cucumbertree and
Northern Red Oak
Diplophyllum apiculatum-on moist roadside bank in
mesic forest
Frullania asagrayana-on bark of Sugar Maple
Frullania brittoniae-on bark of Sugar Maple
Harpalejeunea ovata-on bark of Sugar Maple
Lejeunea cavifolia-on bark of Cucumbertree and
Northern red Oak
Lejeunea lamacerina-on bark of hardwoods in mesic
forest
Lejeunea ruthii-on bark of hardwoods in mesic forest
Leucolejeunea clypeata-on moist soil over sandstone
Lophozia incisa-on rotting hardwood bole in mesic
forest
Metzgeria furcata-on bark of hardwoods
Nowellia curvifolia-on decorticated hardwood bole
Odontoschisma denudatum-on rotting hardwood bole
Pellia epiphylla-on moist soil along drainage in
mesic forest
Plagiochila sp-on moist soil over sandstone boulder
Porella platyphylla-on bark of Sugar Maple
Ptillidium pulcherrimum-on rotting hardwood bole
Radula complanata-on bark of Sugar Maple and Northern
Red Oak
Scapania nemorosa-on wet soil in open mesic forest
Solenostoma gracillimum-on moist roadside bank of
mesic forest
Amblysegium tenax var spinifolium-on wet rocks
in a small stream in open mesic forest ; on soil over rocks by human created cattail marsh
Amblystegium tenax var tenax-on wet rocks in a
small stream in open mesic forest; on soil over rocks by human created cattail
marsh
Amblystegium trichopodium-on base of Salix sericea
in a shallow pool on roadside in open disturbed mesic forest on the north side
of the Mountain
Amphidium mougeotii-on wet sandstone boulder in
disturbed mesic forest, near pool on the north slope of the Mountain
Atrichum angustatum-on roadside banks in mesic forest
Atrichum undulatum-on humic soil over sandstone in
mesic forest
Barbula reflexa-at edge of paved road in disturbed
hardwood forest
Bartonia pomiformis-on moist humic soil between
boulders on roadside bank and on soil over tree roots, northerly slope
Brachythecium acuminatum-at bases of hardwoods in
mesic forest
Brachythecium sp-on soil over sandstone boulders in
mesic forest on the north slope of the Mountain
Bryhnia novae-angliae-on soil in seepage, cattail
marsh and drainage ditch in hardwood
forest (wetlands are human-created)
Bryoandersonia illecebra-on soil in full sun in open
hardwood forest
Bryum lisae var cuspidatum-in crevice of
sandstone boulder and on border of paved road in hardwood forest
Bryum pseudotriquetrum-on wet humus and soil
bordering cattails in disturbed hardwood forest
Calypogeia muelleriana (Li)-on sloping faces and on
ledges of sandstone boulders (on soil over rock), moist to wet in mesic
forest
Campylium chrysophyllum-on moist to wet rock of
ledges, in crevices in open woods, on margins of cattails and beneath Silky
Willow
Dicranum scoparium-on humic soil over sandstone in
mesic forest
Diplophyllum apiculatum (Li)- on sloping faces and on
ledges of sandstone boulders (on soil over rock), moist to wet in mesic forest
Ditrichum pallidum-on dry soil, full sun, ruderal
areas, in open hardwood forest
Drepanocladus aduncus-on humus around cattails and
Glyceria striata
Drummondia prorepens-on trunk of disfigured Northern
Red Oak, in disturbed mesic forest near the Mountain crest
Encalypta procera-on humus and ledges, in crevices of
sandstone boulders in hardwood forest and on road bank
Eurhynchium hians-on moist soil, borders of cattails
Fabronia ciliaris-on the trunk of an old, isolated
Sugar Maple near the road, in disturbed mesic forest at the Mountain crest
Fontinalis sullivantii-a small specimen mixed with Amblystegium
and Draparnaldia on exposed and submerged roots of Salix sericea
in roadside pools in disturbed mesic forest of the north slope
Frullania asa-grayana (Li)-on trunk of Sugar
Maple in mesic forest of the north slope
Funaria flavicans (?)-poor vegetative specimens on
poor soil in old pasture by apple orchard at crest of the Mountain
Homalotheciella subcapillata-on trunk of Chestnut Oak
near the Mountain crest, in oak-hickory forest
Hypnum lindbergii-on wet humus and soil under
Salix sericea, Chelone glabra, cattails, Glyceria striata etc, where
drainage is from limestone gravel of the road
Isopterygium elegans-on humic soil over sandstone in
mesic forest
Pellia meesiana (Li)-growing on mats of soil, Drepanocladus
aduncus and wet humic soil under Salix sericea with cattails, Glyceria
striata and Chelone glabra
Leucodon brachypus var brachypus-on trunk of
old Sugar Maple by road on crest of Mountain
Mnium affine-on sloping faces and on ledges of
sandstone boulders, moist to wet areas in mesic forest
Mnium hornum-on moist soil over sandstone boulder in
mesic forest on north slope
Orthotrichum pumillum-on trunk of old disfigured
Northern Red Oak in disturbed forest on north slope near crest of Mountain
Orthotrichum stellatum-on trunk of Northern Red Oak
in disturbed mesic forest of north slope
Pellia aphylla (Li)-among mosses (Hypnum,
Thuidium, Mnium ) at base of Northern Red Oak
Philonotis fontana-on moist soil in roadside pool in
disturbed forest of north slope
Physcomitrium pyriforme-a few weathered specimens on
moist soil of roadside ditch, crest of Mountain
Plagiochila sp (Li)-on moist soil among Hypnum,
Thuidium etc at base of hardwood on north slope
Plagiothecium laetum-on soil over sandstone boulders
in hardwood forest
Pohlia sp-on moist soil in roadside ditch, crest of Mountain
Rhinchostegium serrulatum-on base of Sugar Maple
sapling and adjacent rotting stump in mesic forest of north slope
Rhizomnium punctatum (Mnium punctatum )-on
sloping faces and on ledges of sandstone boulders, moist to wet areas in mesic
forest
Scapania nemorosa (Li)-on sloping faces and on ledges
of sandstone boulders (on soil over rock), moist to wet areas in mesic forest
Sematophyllum adnatum-on bark at bases of Northern
Red Oak and Sugar Maple in mesic forest
Still more bryophytes, collected on 7-31-06, 8-1-06
and 8-2-06 along the crest of the Mountain to 600-800 ft below it. All
collections were from bases and trunks of hardwood trees and a few saplings;
also crevices, faces and ledges of sandstone cliffs and large boulders. The
latter were mostly wet substrates. Liverworts are identified by the symbol Li.
Aulocomnium heterostichum-on soil between boulders,
moist to dry, in open mesic forest and on overhanging upper roadside banks
Brachythecium acuminatum-on bark at bases of Sugar
Maple and Northern Red oak in second growth of southerly slope
Brachythecium populeum-on rock and soil over rock of
cliff of northwest slope (endangered)
Bryum pseudotriquetrum-on wet humic soil, roadside
sandstone cliffs and boulders, second growth mesic woods in partial shade of
north slope
Campylium chrysophyllum-on wet and moist sandstone
cliffs in shaded mesic forest
Chiloscyphus profundus (Li)-on trunks and bases of
Northern Red Oak, Cucumbertree, Umbrella Tree, Black Cherry, Sugar Maple, etc.
and rotting hardwood boles and stumps of the north slope
Clasmatodon parvulis-on trunk of old deformed Sugar
Maple in open disturbed woods
Ctenidium molluscum-on soil over rock of sandstone
cliff, west-northwest slope, infrequent
Dicranella varra-on soil in crevices of cliff in open
mesic woods of north-northwest slope, infrquent
Dicranum flagellare-on bark at bases of hardwoods in
second growth mesic forest of north slope
Eurhynchium hians-on wet soil over boulders and moist
rock ledges and cliffs along road on northwest slope
Fabronia ciliaris-on trunk of a lone old Sugar Maple in
disturbed mesic woods of southwest slope, infrequent
Fissidens cristatus-on moist to wet sandstone cliffs
of northwest slope
Fissidens osmundioides-on wet soil and sandstone
cliffs of the northwest slope
Frullania brittoniae (Li)-on bark of hardwoods
of second growth mesic forest of southerly slope
Frullania riparia (Li)-on trunks of Northern Red Oak,
Sugar Maple etc. in second growth mesic forest of southerly slope
Grimmia apocarpa var gracilis-on dryish cliff
of open mesic forest
Haplohymenium triste-on trunks of Northern Red Oak
mesic forest on a southerly slope
Hedwigia ciliata-on dry sandstone boulders in open
disturbed mesic forest of the northwest slope
Hypnum palescens-on soil over sandstone rock of
cliffs in open mesic woods
Isopterygium elegans-on moist soil over sandstone
rock of cliff in shaded mesic forest
Isopterygium distichaceum-on moist to wet sandstone
cliff, infrequent
Isopterygiopsis muelleriana-on moist soil of
sandstone boulders, cliff faces, cracks and crevices in second growth woods and
roadside banks of the north slope
Orthotrichum stellatum-on trunk of Sugar Maple in
second growth mesic forest
Pellia epiphylla (Li)-on wet soil and sandstone cliff
in shady hardwood forest
Philonotis muhlenbergii-on soil and wet sandstone
cliff in shady hardwood forest and on road bank
Philonotis fontana-on wet soil over sandstone cliff
in partial shade in mesic forest
Philonotis marchica-on soil along seepy, rocky drainage path
in mesic second growth forest of the west slope
Plagiothecium cavifolium-on soil over sandstone
boulders and cliffs, in partial shade in mesic disturbed forest of north slope
Plagiothecium laetum-on soil over sandstone cliff on
north slope
Platygyrium repens-on trunks and bases of Northern
Red Oak, Cucumbertree, Umbrella Tree, Black Cherry, Sugar Maple etc. and on
rotting down boles and stumps of the north slope
Pylaisiadelpha tenuirostris-on trunk of Northern Red Oak in
mesic forest
Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus
Scapania nemorosa (Li)-on wet soil and rock of
sandstone cliff in shade of mesic forest
North Slope
Vascular Plants
American Chestnut (Castanea dentata )-frequent
locally
Striped Maple (Acer pensylvanicum) -common
Alternate-leaf Dogwood (Cornus alterniflia )-occasional
Smooth Sumac (Rhus glabra )-occasional
Red Elderberry (Sambucus pubens) -occasional
Great Rhododendron (Rhododendron maximum) -common
locally (in flower)
Silky Willow (Salix sericea )-common around pools
and ponds and wet roadside (ponds formed by road construction and build-up)
Summer Grape (Vitis aestivalis )-common
Winter Grape (Vitis vulpina )-frequent
a greenbrier (Smilax bona-nox) -common to occasional
Leather Flower (Clematis viorna) -rare (in flower)
Hay-scented Fern ( Dennstaedtia punctilobula )-frequent
in openings
Southern Lady Fern (Athyrium filix-femina )-frequent
in mesic forest
Carex gracillima-frequent
Carex vulpina-frequent in open moist areas
Carex scoparia-common in pool borders
Carex prasina-common in shaded pool areas
Scirpus cyperinus-frequent
Scirpus polphyllus-common in pools, ponds and wet
soil
Starved Panicgrass (Panicum depauperatum) -several
plants on dry road bank
Round-fruited Panicgrass (Panicum sphaerocarpon )-occasional
White-haired Panicgrass (Panicum villosissimum) -frequent in open woods and disturbed areas
Noddin Fescue ( Festuca obtusa) -frequent in forest
Riparian Wild Rye (Elymus riparius) -common in wet
to moist soil along roads
Virginia Wild Rye (Elymus virginicus) -occasional in
open moist areas
Rice Cutgrass (Leersia oryzoides )-common in pool
margins
Wirestem Muhly (Muhlenbergia frondosa) -frequent
along roads
Cattail (Typha latifolia )- common in created pools
Juncus marginatus-occasional in open wet areas
Seedbox ( Ludwigia alternifolia) -occasional
Wood Betony ( Pedicularis canadensis) -locally
several
Water Speedwell (Veronica anagallis-aquatica) -infrequent aquatic
Turtlehead (Chelone glabra) -common in mud and water
along road
Pipevine ( Aristolochia macrophylla) -frequent
Arrow-leaf Tearthumb (Polygonum sagitattum) -occasional at edges of pools
Upright Yellow Wood Sorrel (Oxalis stricta) -frequent in openings (in flower 0
Clearweed ( Pilea pumila )-common in open wet areas
Poke Milkweed (Asclepias exaltata )-occasional in
open woods
Water Hemlock (Cicuta maculata )-occasional in open
wet soil
Wild Sage (Salvia lyrata) -frequent along road
Basil Balm (Monarda clinopodia) -frequent in open
forest (in flower)
Canada Bluet ( Houstonia canadensis) -occasional (in
flower)
Late Goldenrod ( Solidago gigantea )-frequent in wet
areas
Blue Wood Aster (Aster cordifolius) -occasional (in
flower)
Flat Top White Aster ( Aster umbellatus) -frequent in
open moist areas
Boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum) -occasional in wet
soil along road
White Snakeroot (Eupatorium rugosum )-occasional in
open forest and roadsides
a Joe-pye (Eupatorium steelianum) -frequent
Golden Ragwort (Senecio aureus )-common in wet soil
Note: a number of north slope bryophytes are listed above
under "More Bryophytes" and "still more bryophytes"
References
Braun, E. Lucy (1940) An Ecological Transect of Black
Mountain, Kentucky. Ecol. Monog. 10, 193-241.
Braun, E, Lucy (1950) Deciduous Forests of Eastern
North America. The Free Press, New York.